On July 23, 2024, an unexpected hydrothermal explosion occurred at Biscuit Basin in Yellowstone National Park. Geologists noted that the explosion happened due to water in the shallow hydrothermal system beneath Black Diamond Pool which has changed into steam and is not a volcanic explosion. This resulted in a powerful blast that caused steam and debris to fly up hundreds of feet into the air, damaging a nearby trail and hurling rocks tens to hundreds of feet away, some as large as three feet wide. Fortunately, no injuries were reported despite the presence of visitors.
The explosion damaged the landscape, particularly around Black Diamond Pool and Black Opal Pool, which became muddy with debris and the ground around them became unstable, occasionally sliding into the water. The next day, both pools overflowed and sent murky water into the Firehole River.
Hydrothermal explosions like this are relatively common in Yellowstone, that occur about one to a few times a year, mostly often in remote areas. Past notable explosions in Yellowstone include the Porkchop Geyser explosion in 1989 and a recent explosion at Porcelain Terrace in April 2024.
For safety, Biscuit Basin has been closed for the rest of the 2024 season, but other nearby areas remain open. Currently, geologists are frequently monitoring the area to understand the changes in the hydrothermal system of the area. The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, along with the National Park Service, is closely monitoring the area. Geologists are mapping the debris field and sampling water to assess any changes in the hydrothermal system. Despite the closure of Biscuit Basin for the rest of the 2024 season, hikers can enjoy other thermal basins within the park such as Black Sand Basin.
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